Image courtesy of Corel Corporation.
Liquid is one of the four common states of matter. The three others are gas, solid, and plasma. There are also some other exotic states of matter that have been discovered in recent years.
A liquid does not have a fixed shape, like a solid; instead it takes on the shape of the container that it is in. Liquids can flow. A liquid has a distinct surface, unlike a gas. This surface is called a free surface. For example, water in a glass has a surface where the water ends and the air above it begins.
When a liquid boils or evaporates, it becomes a gas. When a liquid freezes, it becomes a solid. For example, when liquid water boils, it becomes water vapor. When liquid water freezes, it becomes ice.
In everyday life we think of a liquid and a fluid as being the same thing. Scientists use the term “fluid” in a special way, though, to mean things that can flow. Liquids, gases, and plasmas are all fluids as far as scientists are concerned.
Water is probably what you think of when someone mentions a liquid. Milk, gasoline, and cooking oil are other common liquids. Some common substances, like the oxygen and nitrogen in air, are gases under “normal” circumstances but can become liquids if they are very, very cold. Mercury is a kind of metal that is a liquid at normal temperatures; it doesn’t “freeze” and become a solid until cooled to -39° C (-38° F). Glass and steel become liquids when they are heated to very, very high temperatures.
source: windows to the universe
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